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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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1990-09-22
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NATION, Page 21Whose Art Is It, Anyway?A photographic exhibit fuels debate over Government's role
Art and politics are often a volatile mix. Add sex, and the
mix becomes combustible. A case in point: on June 12 Washington's
Corcoran Gallery of Art abruptly canceled an exhibit of Robert
Mapplethorpe's work, which included sadomasochistic and homoerotic
photographs. "We really felt this exhibit was at the wrong place
at the wrong time," explained museum director Christina Orr-Cahall.
"We had the strong potential to become some persons' political
platform."
The "persons" Orr-Cahall was talking about are mostly on
Capitol Hill, and they oversee the budget of the National Endowment
for the Arts, which partly subsidized the Mapplethorpe show with
a $30,000 grant. The NEA was already enmeshed in controversy over
an earlier grant of $15,000 to photographer Andres Serrano, among
whose works is a picture titled Piss Christ, depicting a crucifix
submerged in the artist's urine. Mapplethorpe, who died of AIDS in
March, produced equally provocative work: his oeuvre includes
pictures of nude children in erotic poses, a man urinating into
another's mouth, and other violent and homosexually explicit poses.
When some of the work was exhibited at New York's Whitney Museum
last summer, there were averted eyes, even among those who make a
career out of being avant-garde and supersophisticated.
The First Amendment has never entertained a blush factor. Free
artistic expression is broadly guaranteed. The question is whether
the right of free expression carries along with it the privilege
of federal subsidy. New York Senator Alfonse D'Amato, who tore up
the Serrano catalog on the Senate floor, concedes the artist's
"right to produce filth" but adds that "taxpayers' dollars should
not be utilized to promote it."
The protest quickly spread across the political spectrum. On
May 18, 36 Senators signed a letter asking for changes in the NEA's
grant-making procedures so that "shocking, abhorrent and completely
undeserving" art would not get money. At the prompting of Texas
Congressman Dick Armey, 107 members of the House sent a similar
letter to the endowment.
The congressional letters and the Corcoran withdrawal incited
the ire of arts partisans who contend that withholding funds or
threatening to do so amounts to Government censorship. Political
whim, their argument goes, should not be the judge of art. What
shocks one generation -- a Madonna set in a shabby tenement, for
example -- is treasured by a later one. Moreover, art that flouts
convention by dealing with the extremities of the human condition
is the work most in need of support.
The other side holds that Mapplethorpe's work is pornography
posing as art. His works, this faction contends, should be shown
privately, preferably in a red-light district. In fact, some of
Mapplethorpe's work is so graphic that if authorities had chosen
to do so, they could have prosecuted him for child pornography,
which has no First Amendment protection.
The howls of protest from the arts lobby are timely since the
NEA this year must undergo its five-year budget review. Congressman
Sidney Yates of Illinois, a stalwart supporter of the arts whose
subcommittee oversees the NEA, has asked acting endowment chairman
Hugh Southern to come up with a way to make the endowment more
accountable for its grants without opening the door to
congressional micromanagement. Southern says he hopes to produce
"something that's agreeable to all parties that doesn't get into
any kind of chilling of expression."
Agreeable to all parties, of course, is the rub. It will always
be politically safer to fund an exhibit of old masters than an
exhibit of unproven work. Two weeks ago at a meeting in his office,
Yates confronted NEA critic Armey with a Picasso painting of the
Crucifixion, which offended many people in the 1930s. Armey
admitted that he was not offended by the Picasso, but did not
concede anything about Mapplethorpe. Armey warned that if the
Mapplethorpe catalog is plunked down on the table during the debate
on NEA funding, its budget would be "blown out of the water."
The Washington Project for the Arts is shopping around for a
museum willing to present the Mapplethorpe exhibit, and a laser
artist is making plans to project images of Mapplethorpe's photos
on the Corcoran Gallery's facade. By canceling the Mapplethorpe
show, the Corcoran's Orr-Cahall hoped to deflate the flap and
engender serious reflection about what is art, what is not and what
the Government should support. Those, she admits, are questions to
which "no one has yet found answers."